Life Science Journal of Pakistan

Prospective of Nanotechnology Application for the Treatment of HCV

Tue, 31 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Chronic Hepatitis C infection is a common worldwide disorder, caused by Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Right around 180 million individuals are affected by Hepatitis C Virus infection globally and more than 50 million in South Asia. Ribavirin and interferon are used for many years for the treatment of HCV, direct acting agents and combination therapy as well. The main problem of these therapies is that a lot of side effects are observed. A novel procedure is utilized for the treatment of HCV which is called nanotechnology. The major advantages of those technology are that there is no wastage of drug and avoid the hydrolysis of drugs. Different kinds of the bearer are utilized as a part of the treatment of HCV like nanoparticles, bio-conjugation, micelle development and dendrites. Diverse sorts of Nano transporters are utilized that convey the medication stacked particles to target point and diminish symptoms. According to this description, the part of nanocomposite like a transporter for anti-hepatitis C virus vaccine, anti- hepatitis C virus deoxyribozymes, anti-HCV aptamers, anti-HCV phenolic compounds and their focused-on conveyance are talked about. Additionally, nanoparticles give a different strategy to antigen conveyance, which not just actuates distinctive components of same framework yet in addition has great biocompatibility

The Prevalence and aetiology of Hydronephrosis in adults

Tue, 31 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Hydronephrosis is usually caused by an underlying medical condition or risk occasionally as congenital blockage, unilateral obstructive uropathy, kidney stones, UTIs, tissue scarring, blood clots, neuromuscular problems, Cancer or BPH and pregnancy. This current study was directed to determine the etiological factors and prevalence of Hydronephrosis

Material and Methods: A Retrospective study conducted at two private health care setups in Gujranwala, Pakistan. After Informed consent data was collected over period of 8 Months January 2020 to September 2020. Data was analysed on SPSS version 20 frequencies and percentages were mentioned. Aetiological factors of Hydronephrosis were evaluated on ultrasound.

Results: This study included 213 patients in which age group of 41-50 years 45% were most prevalent in presenting with Hydronephrosis. Gender Includes 30% females and 70% males. About 86% had Hydronephrosis in Unilateral kidney and 13% in bilateral kidneys. The grading of Hydronephrosis was found as highest in Grade2: 122 (57.3%). The causes of Hydronephrosis was observed on Ultrasound and found most prevalent cases of Calculi 60%, 13% females had Hydronephrosis due to Pregnancy, 8.9% males had Hydronephrosis due to Benign Prostrate Hyperplasia.

Conclusion: The study concluded that Renal Calculi are the most prevalent cause of Hydronephrosis following Pregnancy and BPH.

The Prevalence of HIV and its Associated Factors among Prisoners of Central Prison, Larkana, Pakistan

Tue, 31 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: HIV/AIDS is one of the major worldwide health problems affecting inmates and a significant
concern for government, public health services and prison administration services. The aim of our
study was to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among prisoners and its associated
factors.
Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among prisoners of Central Prison, Larkana,
Pakistan from August 2019 to December 2019. A total number of Seven hundred and eighty three
(N = 83) prisoners were invited to participate. Data were collected by means of the pre-designed
and pilot tested study questionnaire and was entered in SPSS version 21 for analysis.
Results: Out of 783 participants initially invited in the study, six hundred (N = 600) of whom fulfilled the
criteria. The screening and questionnaire response rate was 81%. During screening three prisoners
were found to be HIV positive. Among prisoners, 220 (36.7%) were drug users, 19 (8.6%) used
injectable form of drug, while 506 (84.3%) had never used condoms during the sex. The
prevalence of this study was 0.5%
Conclusion: The study revealed the need to educate the prisoners for prevention and care measures in prisons.
Further studies are needed to observe the situation in other part of the country.

Phytochemical analysis and Antidiabestic activity of Withania somnifera and Cnidium monnieri using animal models

Tue, 31 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most prevalent non- contagious diseases that cause serious complications. The progression of excess weight leads to the increasing incidence among populations of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In form 2 diabetes mellitus instances the median input of obesity is 90%. Moreover, around 174 million individuals worldwide are subject to glucose intolerance, the most prevalent being obesity and metabolic syndrome. There are many therapeutic plants in medical field and out of these Withania somnifera and Cnidium monnieri are effective against many disorders such as, allergy reactions, dermatophytes, many types of bacterial and fungal infections, osteoporotic, weakness, coldness, and skin related disorders. The aim of this study was to check out the hypoglycemic, anti-obesity, cytotoxic and hepatoprotective activities of these two plants. The animals were divided into 7 groups, first group was normal controlled group and second group was intoxicated. Third group was treated with standard drugs Glucophage and Mevastatin. Rats of fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh group was treated with extracts of Withania somnifera and Cnidium monnieri in high and low concentrations. As expecting these both gave positive results showing the significant decrease in body weight led to decrease in insulin level and also had cytotoxic effect that was close to normal value.

shaheen iqbal — Tue, 31 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

S/No	SUBJECT	PAGE

01	Table of Contents	01

02	Editorial	02

03	Prevalence and aetiology of Hydronephrosis in adults Akash John, Tallat Anwar Faridi, Ali Junaid Dar, Syed Bilal Hassan, Iqra Hamid, Kubra Samreen	03

04	The Prevalence of HIV and its Associated Factors among Prisoners of Central Prison, Larkana, Pakistan Kaleem Abro, Mudasir Mushtaq, Tariq Feroz Memon, Saeed Ahmed Shaikh, Muhammad Ibrahim, Sheeraz Hyder Khokhar, Sajida Perveen, Salma Memon, Munawar Hussain Soomro	08

05	*Phytochemical analysis and Antidiabestic activity of Withania somnifera* and Cnidium monnieri using Animal Models** Muhammad Jahangeer, Naveed Munir, Areej Riasat, Azka Maryam, Shoukat Hussain, Alia Ambreen, Sumia Urainab, Zahed Mahmood3, Umair Khalid, Muhamma Shaheen Iqbal, Mehvish Ashiq	14

06	Prospective of Nanotechnology Application for the Treatment of HCV Muhammad Jahangeer, Zawar Hussain, Azka Maryam, Areej Riasat, Alia Ambreen, Shoukat Hussain, Zahed Mahmood, Wasfa Batool, Mahvish Ashiq, Sumia Urainab	21

Editorial

Yasar Saleem, Muhammad Shaheen Iqbal — Tue, 31 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

LSJP is going to publish its sixth issue and entering 5^th year of publishing. LSJP is gaining popularity among life science researchers who are sending their valuable articles for publication across all over Pakistan. We have currently introduced one new feature to LSJP website, the Just In feature enables the articles to appear on-line as soon as they are accepted. Team LSJP congratulates Prof Dr Imran Amin (Editor Plant Biotechnology, LSJP) for his meritorious achievement on receiving Gold Medal from Pakistan Academy of Sciences, in the field of Emerging Sciences and Biotechnology.

In current issue, four manuscripts have been selected for publication, out of which three are original research articles and one mini-review article. First manuscript focusing on prevalence and aetiology of hydronephrosis in adults attending one of the radiological and medical imaging departments. Authors reported that around half (45%) of investigated middle aged persons had higher prevalence of hydronephrosis among them 30% females and 70% were males. About 86% had hydronephrosis in unilateral kidney and 13% in bilateral kidneys with highest in Grade 2 in over 57.3% subjects. They concluded ultrasonography as useful tool in identifying hydronephrosis and determining its aetiological factors, further, renal calculi are the most prevalent cause of hydronephrosis followed pregnancy and benign prostatic hypertrophy. Second original research accepted reported descriptive cross-sectional study depicting prevalence of HIV and its associated factors among prisoners of one prison. Although the prevalence HIV was 1 %, however prisoners are at higher risk of experiencing HIV, as over one third (36.7%) were drug users, 8.6% used an injectable form of drug, while 84.3% never used condoms during the sex. Prisoners are at high risk of experiencing HIV due to drug addiction, intravenous drug usage, sharing of syringes and razors as well as unsafe sexual practices. Authors suggested recommended health awareness sessions for prisoners to keep them safe from HIV/AIDS. Third manuscript accepted for publication was also of great importance reporting phytochemical analysis and antidiabetic activity of common medicinal herbs Withania somnifera and Cnidium monnieri using animal models. Authors report significant decrease in body weight leading a decrease in insulin level and also had cytotoxic effect closer to normal value. Presence of different phytochemicals, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, and triterpenoids phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidants in reported herbs offer evidence to promote the restoration of alloxan-induced diabetic harm in rats. They concluded that impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance appeared as an efficient means of regulating glucose levels.

A mini-review focusing prospects of using nanotechnology for the treating HCV was also included in this issue. That review describes that available treatment for HCV develops a lot of side effects therefore nanotechnology based solutions are becoming popular due to small amount consumed for treatment in the form of Nanoparticles, bio-conjugation, micelle development and dendrites. Instead of utilizing ribavirin alone, acylated polyglycerol adipate (PGA) NPs and polyglycerol adipate (PGA) NPs may be used to transfer perturbating hydrophobicity of ribavirin and increases the capacity of the NPs to assemble pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, nanoparticle may cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) comparatively easily for therapeutic handling of neurological conditions. This review summarized role of nanoparticles (NPs) as vehicle for anti-HCV vaccination, anti-HCV DNA enzymes, anti-HCV adjuvants, and anti-HCV phenolic chemicals and their targeted administration.

Team LSJP made every effort to make the process of manuscript submission, review and publication convenient and easy. Efforts of LSJP team are highly acknowledged for their help and support to bring LSJP at this level of gaining excellence in life sciences publications. LSJP will continue addressing scientific trends related to all disciplines mentioned in the scope of this journal, for that we hope more and active participation of scholars from academia and R&D institutes.

Dr. Yasar Saleem,

Managing Editor,

Life Science Journal of Pakistan

Life Science Journal of Pakistan

Prospective of Nanotechnology Application for the Treatment of HCV

The Prevalence and aetiology of Hydronephrosis in adults

The Prevalence of HIV and its Associated Factors among Prisoners of Central Prison, Larkana, Pakistan

Phytochemical analysis and Antidiabestic activity of Withania somnifera and Cnidium monnieri using animal models

Table of Contents

Editorial